Bubble floatation, burst, drainage, and droplet release characteristics on a free surface: A review

The phenomenon of a bubble bursting to generate droplets exists in industrial and environmental systems has subtle impact on our daily lives. A generated by gas injection or heating rises the free surface undergoes floating, drainage, eventually processes produce film jet droplets. interrelated make it difficult understand characteristics burst. Thus, summary individual stages single from generation burst is necessary. First, we describe calculation method simple expressions for shape floating surface. Next, discuss drainage model its influencing factors as this directly determines time evolution thickness. As an essential factor that affects thickness, defined lifetime. We compare lifetime distributions published literature explore associated factors. Then, investigate dynamics focus opening process once hole appears legacy burst, production process, size, number Finally, enrichment when releasing particles entrained This review considers series concentrates mechanism experimental correlations with future prospects.